Saint-Venant, Adhémar Jean Claude Barré De
(b. Villiers-en-Bière, Seine et-Marne, France, 23 August ; d. St.-Ouen, Loir-et-Cher, France, 6 January )
mechanics, geometry.
Saint-Venant entered the École Polytechnique in Upon graduating he joined the Service des Poudres et Salpêtres and in transferred to the Service des Ponts et Chaussées, where he served for twenty years. He devoted the remainder of his life to teaching and, especially, to scientific research. In he was elected to the mechanics section of the Académie des Sciences, succeeding Poncelet.
Saint-Venant’s investigations deal chiefly with the mechanics of solid bodies, elasticity, hydrostatics, and hydrodynamics. Closely related to engineering, they frequently had immediate applications to road-and bridge-building, to the control of streams, and to agriculture. On the basis of his work on the torsion of prisms or cylinders of any base and on the equilibrium of elastic beams, Saint-Venant presented a memoir to the Académie des Sciences in dealing with gauche curves. In it he introduced the term “binormal,” which is still used: “This line is, in effect, normal to two consecutive elements at the same time.”
In
Saint-Venant, Barré de
Photograph[edit]
Dates[edit]
Adhémar Jean Claude, Barré de Saint-Venant 23 August (Villiers-en-Bière, Seine-et-Marne, France) – 6 January (Saint-Ouen, Loir-et-Cher, France)
Biography[edit]
Barré de Saint-Venant was born at the château de Fortoiseau, Villiers-en-Bière, Seine-et-Marne, France. His father was Jean Barré de Saint-Venant, (–), a colonial officer of the Isle of Saint-Domingue (later Haiti). His mother was Marie-Thérèse Josèphe Laborie (born Saint-Domingue, ). He entered the École Polytechnique, in at sixteen years old.[4] where he studied under Gay-Lussac. Graduating in he worked for the next 27 years as an engineer, initially his passion for chemistry led him a post as a élève-commissaire (student commissioner) for the Service des Poudres et Salpêtres (Powders and Saltpeter Service) and then as a civil engineer at the Corps des Ponts et Chaussées. He married in , Rohaut Fleury from Paris. Barré de Saint-Venant developed a version of vector calculus similar to that of Grassmann (now understood as exterior differential forms) which he published in A dispute arose between Saint-Venant and Grassmann over priority for this invention. Grassm
Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant
Biography
Jean Claude Saint-Venant was a student at the École Polytechnique, entering the school in when he was sixteen years old. He graduated in and spent the next 27 years as a civil engineer. For the first seven of these 27 years Saint-Venant worked for the Service des Poudres et Salpêtres, then he spent the next twenty years working for the Service des Ponts et Chaussées.Saint-Venant attended lectures at the Collège de France and the lecture notes he took in Liouville's class still survive. He taught mathematics at the École des Ponts et Chaussées where he succeeded Coriolis.
Saint-Venant worked mainly on mechanics, elasticity, hydrostatics and hydrodynamics. Perhaps his most remarkable work was that which he published in in which he gave the correct derivation of the Navier-Stokes equations. Anderson writes in [2]:-
Seven years after Navier's death, Saint-Venant re-derived Navier's equations for a viscous flow, considering the internal viscous stresses, and eschewing completely Navier's molecular approach. That paper was the first to properly identify the coefficient of viscosity and its role as a multiplying factor for
Adhemar Saint-Venant Edit Profile
engineermathematicianphysicist
Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant was a mechanician and mathematician who contributed to early stress analysis and also developed the unsteady open channel flow shallow water equations, also known as the Saint-Venant equations that are a fundamental set of equations used in modern hydraulic engineering.
Education
École Polytechnique.
Career
The one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation is a commonly used simplification of the shallow water equations. Although his full surname was Barré de Saint-Venant in mathematical literature other than French he is known as Saint-Venant. His name is also associated with Saint-Venant&#;s principle of statically equivalent systems of load, Saint-Venant&#;s theorem and for Saint-Venant&#;s compatibility condition, the integrability conditions for a symmetric tensor field to be a strain.
In he published the correct derivation of the Navier–Stokes equations for a viscous flow and was the first to &#;properly identify the coefficient of viscosity and its role as a multiplying factor for the velocity gradients in the flow&#;.
Even th
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