Pauli Murray was first in her class at Howard University Law school and the only woman. She is the first African American to earn a J.S.D. from Yale Law School and a co-founder of the National Organization for Women. In , Murray became the first African American woman to be ordained as an Episcopal priest.
EXPLORE PAULI MURRAY'S PROUD SHOES EXHIBITION
Pauli Murray was born Anna Pauline Murray in Baltimore, Maryland. After her parents’ death, she spent her childhood in North Carolina and New York. After graduating from Hunter College in , she shortened her name to Pauli to embrace a more androgynous identity. During the Great Depression, Murray worked for the Works Progress Administration and the Workers Defense League and taught for the New York City Remedial Reading project.
Murray was arrested in for disorderly conduct on an interstate bus trip where she challenged the constitutionality of segregating bus passengers. This incident, coupled with her time working with the Workers Defense League, inspired her to attend law school at Howard University. While there, she participated in civil rights protests in an attempt to desegregate public facilities. She also join
Pauli Murray was breaking barriers from a young age. Held back by what Murray dubbed “Jane Crow,” s/he* was a staunch advocate for the rights of women and people of color and fought tirelessly for civil rights. As a poet, writer, activist, organizer, legal theorist, and priest, Murray was directly involved in, and helped articulate, the intellectual foundations of two of the most important social justice movements of the twentieth century.
Anne Pauline Murray was born on November 20, in Baltimore Maryland, the fourth of six children born to Agnes Fitzgerald and William Murray. When Murray was three, her mother died from a massive cerebral hemorrhage. Murray’s father—a graduate of Howard University and a teacher and later principal in the Baltimore public school system—was left to raise six children on his own. Dealing with his own grief, William sent Murray to live with a maternal aunt, Pauline Fitzgerald, and grandparents in Durham, North Carolina. Three years later, an impoverished and still grieving William was committed to the Crownsville State Hospital for the Negro Insane. In , William was beaten and killed by a white guard in the basement of the hospital. Murray, now an
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Priest, lawyer, educator and writer
Anna Pauline (Pauli) born November 20, , in lost her parents at a young age and was raised by relatives in . A nearly lifelong activist for racial and gender equality, Murray, at the age of 67, became the first African American woman to be ordained an Episcopal priest in She offered the Eucharist for the first time at the church where her grandmother had been baptized as a slave.
While pursuing her education, Murray encountered the racism and sexism of the s and after graduating from in , she was denied admission to the of ’s law school because she was African American. She was denied entrance to because she was a woman. These experiences with prejudice spurred on to become active in both the civil rights and women’s rights movements and led to her participation in many sit-ins and other forms of protests.
After receiving law degrees from and of , Murray worked as a deputy attorney general in during the s. She spent time in private practice before pursuing a doctorate in law at in s. She was the first African American to be awarded a J.D.S. degree from the university (). Along with such leading feminists as B
Who is the Rev. Dr. Pauli Murray?
In , Murray published Proud Shoes: The Story of an American Family, a biography of how white supremacy and anti-Blackness oppressed their grandparents and their efforts of racial uplift, and a poignant portrayal of their hometown of Durham. Shortly after the book came out, Murray was offered a job in the litigation department at a new law firm, Paul, Weiss, Rifkin, Wharton, and Garrison. While working there, Murray met their partner Irene Barlow, the office manager at the firm.
In , Murray traveled to Ghana to explore their African cultural roots and teach law. While there, s/he co-authored a book, The Constitution and Government of Ghana, with Leslie Rubin. When Murray returned, s/he enrolled at Yale Law School where s/he studied for the JSD degree and mentored several young women activists, including Marian Wright Edelman, Eleanor Holmes Norton, and Patricia Roberts Harris who all became leaders in their own right.
President John F. Kennedy appointed Pauli Murray to the Committee on Civil and Political Rights as a part of his Presidential Commission on the Status of Women. In the early s, Murray worked closely with A. P
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