Thomas Kuhn
First published Fri Aug 13,
Thomas Samuel Kuhn () became one of the most influential philosophers of science of the twentieth century, perhaps the most influential—his The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is one of the most cited academic books of all time. His contribution to the philosophy science marked not only a break with several key positivist doctrines but also inaugurated a new style of philosophy of science that brought it much closer to the history of science. His account of the development of science held that science enjoys periods of stable growth punctuated by revisionary revolutions, to which he added the controversial ‘incommensurability thesis’, that theories from differing periods suffer from certain deep kinds of failure of comparability.
1. Life and Career
Thomas Kuhn's academic life started in physics. He then switched to history of science, and as his career developed he moved over to philosophy of science, although retaining a strong interest in the history of physics. In , he graduated from Harvard summa cum laude. Thereafter he spent the remainder of the war years in research related to radar at Harvard and
Thomas Samuel Kuhn (July 18, – June 17, ) was an American historian and philosopher of science who wrote extensively on the history of science and developed several important notions and innovations in the philosophy of science. More than a million copies of his book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, were printed, and it became the most studied and discussed text in philosophy of science in the second half of the twentieth century. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions had far reaching impacts on diverse fields of study beyond the philosophy of science, particularly on social sciences. Key concepts Kuhn presented in this work, such as "paradigm" and "incommensurability," became popular beyond academics.
Life
Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Samuel L. Kuhn, an industrial engineer, and his wife Minette Stroock Kuhn. The family was Jewish on both sides, although they were non-practicing. His father had been trained as a hydraulic engineer and had gone to Harvard. When he was six months old, the family moved to New York City, and the young Kuhn attended progressive schools there, and later in the upstate New York area.
Kuhn entered Harvard U
Thomas Kuhn biographie, concept de paradigme, autres contributions
Thomas Samuel Kuhn Il &#;tait physicien, historien et philosophe de la science am&#;ricaine du vingti&#;me si&#;cle. Ses recherches ont apport&#; une contribution significative &#; la mani&#;re de comprendre comment les &#;tres humains construisent des connaissances.
Tant ses enseignements dans les salles de classe de l'universit&#;, que ses livres et ses &#;tudes ont montr&#; un chemin insoup&#;onn&#;. Avec lui, la notion de paradigme a &#;t&#; consolid&#;e, l'&#;cole de Kuhntian a &#;merg&#; et les processus suivis par la science pour changer la mani&#;re de comprendre la vie ont &#;t&#; dessin&#;s.
Les approches de Thomas Kuhn ont influenc&#; de nombreuses &#;tudes ult&#;rieures. Le chercheur a pris ses distances avec la vision traditionnelle des religions, se d&#;marquant m&#;me des approches positivistes du XIXe si&#;cle.
Sa vision a laiss&#; de c&#;t&#; le dogmatisme du structuralisme, du fonctionnalisme et du marxisme lui-m&#;me. Elle a m&#;me avanc&#; vers la possibilit&#; de coexistence de multiples paradigmes dans un m&#;me espace-temps. Sa vie et son travail d&#;montrent, en pratique,
Thomas S. Kuhn
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